Febrile seizures (FS) are the most common form of convulsive phenomena in human being and affect 2% to 14% of children. It is the most common type of seizures that every pediatrician is dealing with. It is the most benign type of all seizures occurring in childhood. There are many debates on how to Approach to febrile seizures in pediatric neurology and there are many possible malpractices in this field. Some of the most common frequent queries are - How could we differentiate FS from seizures and fever associated with serious infections involving the central nervous system?- When should we refer the affected child for further investigations such as lumbar puncture, EEG, neuroimaging, and routine biochemical studies?- How should we treat FS in its acute phase?- How could we assess the risk for further recurrences as well as other risks threatening the child's health in future?- How could we select the patients for treatment or prophylaxis?- Which medication(s) should be selected for treatment or prophylaxis?Trying to answer the above-mentioned questions, this review article will present a four steps Algorithmic clinical Approach model to a child with febrile seizures based on the current medical literature.

The ileum has been candidate more frequently for endoscopic biopsy compared to the past. Most of those biopsies show either completely normal tissue or non-specific changes. Nevertheless, in some diseases, ileal biopsy would be diagnostic, and in some cases, it may be the only anatomical involved location by the disease. Endoscopically, normal mucosal biopsy is unlikely to provide useful diagnostic information and is not routinely recommended. However, in the presence of ileitis, ulcers, or erosions, biopsies can be very helpful. Ileitis might be induced by various conditions including infectious diseases, vasculitis, medication-induced, ischemia, eosinophilic enteritis, tumors etc. The conclusive cause of the condition is proposed by a comprehensive clinical background and physical examination, laboratory investigations, ileocolonoscopy, and imaging findings. Ileoscopy and biopsy are mainly useful in correctly selected cases such as patients who present with inflammatory diarrhea and endoscopic lesions. The purpose of this review article is to provide a simple Algorithmic Approach to the ileal biopsy samples through several boxes that give diagnostic clues and an idea behind the categories of ileal disorders. This review is written based on those that were previously reported in the literature as well as the authors' experiences. We have summarized different histological patterns in the ileal biopsy specimens that can be used in the diagnosis of inflammatory disorders of the ileum. This review provides an Algorithmic Approach to the clinicopathological features of inflammatory disorders of the ileum with a brief discussion of some important related issues.

Flatfoot constitutes the major cause of clinic visits for pediatric foot problems. The reported prevalence of flatfoot varies widely due to numerous factors. It can be divided into flexible and rigid flatfoot. Diagnosis and management of pediatric flatfoot has long been the matter of controversy. Common assessment tools include visual inspection, anthropometric values, footprint parameters and radiographic evaluation. Most flexible flatfeet are physiologic, asymptomatic, and require no treatment. Otherwise, the physician should treat symptomatic flexible flatfeet. Initial treatment options include activity modification, proper shoe and orthoses, exercises and medication. Furthermore, comorbidities such as obesity and ligamenous laxity should be identified and managed, if applicable. When all nonsurgical treatment options faile, surgery can be considered. Our purpose in this article is to present a clinical Algorithmic Approach to pediatric flatfoot.

Acute diarrhea is one of the most common complaints of children referred to pediatricians and the second cause of death in children under 5 years old. In these days, despite many advances in the treatment of diarrhea, delay in diagnosis and treating specific conditions can cause severe complications and prolong the duration of disease. The new Algorithmic Approach will reduce the medical errors (human errors) due to lack of attention to red flags and principles of treatment. In this new Algorithmic Approach, the alphabetics that make up the word “ DIARHEA” been used to remember important points.

Obesity in children and adolescents is a hot issue throughout the world. Numerous complications are related to childhood obesity, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, insulin resistance and psychological problems. Therefore, identification and treatment of this problem have an important role in the health system. In this clinical Approach, we have provided a general overview of the assessment and management of obesity in children and adolescents, including definitions, history-taking, physical examinations, and laboratory testing for general practitioners and pediatricians. Furthermore, conventional therapies (physical activity, eating habits and behavioral modification) and non-conventional treatments (drugs and surgery options) have been discussed.

Low back pain (LBP) is common among children and adolescents. In younger children particularly those under 3, LBP should be considered as an alarming sign for more serious underlying pathologies. However, similar to adults, non specific low back pain is the most common type of LBP among children and adolescents. In this article, a clinical Algorithmic Approach to LBP in children and adolescents is presented.

The human resource management works closely with all the employees in the organization. An HRM must allow the employees to make constructive criticism when there is a need for it. The duty of organizing the company towards achieving their set goals lies in the hands of the HRM. A Human Resource management process can best be distinct as a tool which is utilized to collect, organize, present, keep and share applied information about the human resource of an organization. To this end, this research present a Throughput model framework that describes individuals' decision-making processes in an Algorithmic HRM context. The model depicts how perceptions, judgments, and the use of information affect strategy selection, identifying how diverse strategies may be supported by the employment of certain decision-making Algorithmic pathways. In focusing on concerns relating to the impact and acceptance of artificial intelligence (AI) integration in HRM, this research draws insights from multidisciplinary theoretical lenses, such as Al-augmented and HRM assimilation processes, AI-mediated social exchange, and the judgment and choice literature. Results highlight the use of Algorithmic ethical positions in the adoption of AI for better HRM outcomes in terms of intelligibility and accountability of AI-generated HRM decision-making, which is often underexplored in existing research.

In this paper‎, ‎algorithms are used to compute distance-based topological indices for the Complete Binary Tree (CBT) and the Complete Ternary Tree (CTT)‎. ‎Computation of distance-based topological indices is complex for varied heights of CBT and CTT‎. ‎Hence designed algorithms to compute distance between any-to-any vertex made this possible to compute the required topological indices for CBT and CTT‎. ‎The distance calculator algorithm designed for this study can also be customized in digital chemical structures‎, ‎mathematical chemistry‎, ‎network traffic control in wireless networks‎, ‎search applications‎, ‎high bandwidth routing‎, ‎parse construction in compilers‎, ‎and memory management.

Context: First cases of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were reported in December 2019. With more than 100 million confirmed cases 14 months later, the disease has become the worst public-health dilemma of the century. The rapid global spread of COVID-19 has resulted in an international health emergency, threatening to overwhelm health care systems in many parts of the world, especially poor resource countries. Evidence Acquisition: Influenza and COVID-19 have similar clinical symptoms, and both cause a respiratory illness that may vary from mild to severe. Both diseases have the same mode of transmission and require similar public health guidelines to prevent their spread, but their treatment strategies are different. In this study, an Algorithmic method is proposed for managing patients according to their symptoms for each of these infections. Results: In fall and winter, infections with seasonal influenza and other respiratory viruses become common. As influenza also causes significant morbidity and mortality, especially at the two extremes of age and in those with compromised immunity, it is of major importance to know the similarities and dissimilarities between COVID-19 and seasonal influenza and plan appropriate public health measures to deal with each of these illnesses. Conclusions: Will there be a devastating combined epidemic of COVID-19 and influenza (COV-Flu) during the 2020-2021 season? Does co-infection increase the risk of severe illness or amplify virus shedding? Actually, we do not yet know the answers to these questions; so, in this article, first, we attempt to define the similarities and differences between COV-Flu. Then, we will have a brief discussion on how to manage patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of both diseases. However, as COVID-19 has been recognized as a pandemic since December 2019, the management of this emerging disease is rapidly evolving as new information is collected from different parts of the world.